为了标准研制的需要，最近在总结国外口腔用水的标准。会将翻译成果展现给大家。当然，非常希望有兴趣的战友一起参与这项活动，将给予重奖。

【澳大利亚指南】
Waterlines and water quality
Most dental unit waterlines contain biofilm, which acts as a reservoir of microbial contamination and while biofilm in dental unit waterlines is an unknown hazard it may be a source of known pathogens (e.g., Legionella spp). All waterlines and air lines must be fitted with non-return (anti-retraction) valves to help prevent retrograde contamination of the lines. Routine maintenance of these valves is necessary to ensure their effectiveness. An independent water supply can help to reduce the accumulation of biofilm. The manufacturer's directions for appropriate methods to maintain the recommended quality of dental water and for monitoring water quality should be followed. Biofilm levels in dental equipment can be minimized by using a range of measures, including chemical dosing (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, silver ions and peroxygen compounds), flushing lines (e.g., triple syringe and handpieces) after each patient use, and flushing waterlines at the start of the day to reduce overnight or weekend biofilm accumulation. This is particularly important after periods of non-use (such as vacations and long weekends). Waterlines must be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Air and waterlines from any device connected to the dental water system that enters the patient's mouth (e.g., handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, and air/water syringes) must be flushed for a minimum of two minutes at the start of the day and for 30 seconds between patients. Water quality Water for tooth irrigation during cavity preparation and for ultrasonic scaling should be of no less than potable standard (< 500 CFU/mL)4. It may be wise to use water in which the number of colony forming units (CFU) per mL is less than 200 when treating immunocompromised patients. CFU levels can be tested using commercially available test strips.

【翻译】
大多数牙科治疗台水系统含有生物膜，这些生物膜被认为是一些重要微生物污的储存场所。而生物膜对于牙科治疗台水路是个未知的危险源（例如，军团菌属）。牙科治疗台的水路要求必须都具有回吸阀门，以避免污染水的逆行。定期维修这些阀门非常必要，以确保其有效性。独立的供水可以帮助减少生物膜的积累。应该按照制造商的指示，并遵循相应方法对保持水质并进行监测。通过一些措施可以最低限度的降低生物膜水平的形成，包括化学加药（例如，过氧化氢，银离子和过氧化氢化合物），冲洗管路（如三重枪头和机头），这些措施用于每个患者使用后。每天开始时，冲洗管路，以减少隔夜或生物膜的积累。非使用期后，这一点尤为重要（如假期和长周末）。必须按照制造商的说明对牙科治疗台的水路进行清洗和消毒。
任何连接到牙科水系统进入病人的嘴中的设备（例如，手机，超声波倍线器，空气/水抢）在一天的开始前必须冲洗至少两分钟，病人之间使用每次必须要求空转30秒。水质在腔准备和超声波洗牙牙齿灌溉用水应不超过饮用水标准（<500 CFU/毫升）
对于免疫缺陷的病患，牙科治疗台的水中细菌总数小于或者等于200CFU/ml可能非常明智。水质监测的方法可以用商用的检测试剂。